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Based on the summary and analysis of the particle dynamics, developed in the past 300 years, and of fundamental properties of unevenness of natural materials, we propose the opinion of the second stir. We analyze the gains and loses of employing the non‐dimensionalization method developed in the quantitative analysis system of the first push. Combined with some theoretical models, we also consider the epistemological failures of pure quantification, linearization, and formal logic analysis.

Argues that the purpose for the existence of the evolution science since the seventeenth century is how to once again understand the evolution science and its origin. Explains, on the basis of this new understanding, how some of the problems dating from the seventeenth century can now be resolved. Finally, briefly describes the method of infrastructural analysis of the second stir.

The reason why evolutions have been studied as a special science is that there exist reversal and transitional changes – blown‐ups – in the objective reality. However, the first‐push dynamical system has not been able to provide a mechanical explanation for these dramatic changes. Provides an exploratory explanation on how to understand “time and space” and some fundamental problems of evolutions, based on a discussion of problems existing in the first‐push system. In addition, points out the fact that the essence of the evolution science is that the concept of spinning materials is not an extrapolation or continuation of the first‐push system. What needs to be emphasized is that the presented work was originally based on first‐hand scientific practice and has been successfully evidenced by practical applications.

Looks at how an undergraduate had to fill in the gaps to be a success by validating research ‐ using the big names of scientific history to relate the corresponding work. Gives anecdotes of the authors’ progress and the teachers who were most noteworthy in aiding him. Uses tables to emphasize certain points about the environment and various other mathematical and scientific ideas. Emphasizes the importance of other experts’ work in this field.

The purpose of this paper is to study the cavitation erosion stages of AA5083 by electrochemical noise (EN).

EN technology including noise resistance and fast Fourier transform were used to characterize the electrochemical process during the cavitation erosion process.

AA5083 suffers from uniform corrosion during the cavitation erosion process. The whole cavitation erosion process can be divided into three stages: incubation stage, acceleration stage and steady-state stage. EN signals showed obvious differences in different stages of cavitation erosion.

EN technique is a suitable method that can be used to study cavitation erosion mechanism and identify cavitation erosion stages.

The purpose of this paper is to summarize the advances in grey system theory research and various application achievements in science and engineering. At the same time, it commemorates the 40th anniversary of the birth of grey system theory and the 10th anniversary of Grey Systems–Theory and Application.

Firstly, the innovations of theoretical research in grey system theory were summarized and some of the widely recognized new results are briefly described. By searching and combing the research results of grey system theory in China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI) database and Web of Science by Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), this paper shows the rapid development trend of grey system theory in the past 40 years, and the successful applications of grey system theory in the fields of social sciences, natural sciences and engineering technologies.

More than 227 thousands literature were found by input 10 phrases such as grey system, grey number and sequence operator etc. in CNKI database. After entering the new century, the number of grey system papers included in CNKI database is increasing rapidly. Since 2008, more than 10 thousands papers have been included per year and more than 15 thousands papers have been included per year since 2014. Grey system method and model are widely used in physics, chemistry, biology and other fields of natural science, as well as transportation, electric power, machinery and other fields of engineering technology, and a large number of valuable results have been achieved.

It can be seen that the grey system theory plays an important role in promoting China’s scientific and technological progress, innovation and development and high-level talent training from tens of thousands of literatures marked with important national science and technology projects and a large number of grey system literatures published by China’s double first-class universities and double first-class discipline construction universities.

Both innovations of theoretical research and practical application play important role in the growth of new theory. The innovations of theoretical research provide methods and tools for practical application, which is conducive to improve application efficiency and broaden application fields. A large number of practical applications needs have become the source of theoretical innovation and the solid background for the birth of theoretical innovation achievements.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between the characteristics of the incubation industry, government funding, and the intensity of funding for different services. Because the incubation industry has particular characteristics, government funding varies for different services, and its intensity varies with service.

Government funding is classified as incubation subsidy and incubation incentive. Besides, incubation services include property management, business mentoring as well as investment and financing. Based on this, this study examines the influence mechanism of different subsidy and incentive on incubation services by using the generalized propensity score matching method.

The empirical results show that subsidy and incentive have an inverse-U shape effect on property management service, but a linear effect on business guidance service. Furthermore, subsidy does not affect investment and financing service, but incentive that can have a significant impact.

The theme of government funding and incubator services plays an important role in helping entrepreneurs expand their businesses. Incubation subsidy and incentive can provide important support to help enterprises obtain more preferential loans, technical services and technical support in the incubator. Applying it to incubator services can provide better technology and entrepreneurship guidance. These services can help new entrepreneurs understand products and markets, and how to develop more successfully in the early stage. In short, incubators supported by government funds can provide important support to entrepreneurs to help them successfully realize their business plans.